Ba za a iya buga wannan kayan ba, a watsa shi, a sake rubuta shi ko a sake rarraba shi. © 2024 Fox News Network, LLC. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi. Ana nuna farashi a ainihin lokaci ko kuma tare da jinkiri na akalla mintuna 15. Bayanan kasuwa da Factset ya bayar. An tsara kuma an aiwatar da su ta FactSet Digital Solutions. Sanarwar doka. Bayanan asusun haɗin gwiwa da ETF da Refinitiv Lipper ya bayar.
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Ya bar gadon ayyukan nishaɗi da biliyoyin mutane ke morewa kowace rana, sau da yawa na tsawon sa'o'i kaɗan.
Pauley injiniya ne da ya koyar da kansa daga Chicago wanda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta nesa a shekarar 1955.
Yana mafarkin makomar da ba za mu taɓa barin kujera ko mu ji rauni ba (sai dai yatsunmu).
Sabon shirin Fox Nation mai suna "Haɗu da Amurkawa" ya ba da labarin talakawan Amurkawa waɗanda suka ba mu sabbin abubuwa masu ban mamaki.
Polley ya yi aiki a Zenith Electronics na tsawon shekaru 47, daga mai sayar da kaya zuwa mai ƙirƙira mai ƙirƙira. Ya ƙirƙiro takardun mallakar fasaha guda 18 daban-daban.
Eugene Polley ya ƙirƙiro Zenith Flash-Matic, na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta farko mara waya, a shekarar 1955. Yana sarrafa bututun ta amfani da hasken haske. (Zhenit Electronics)
Babban abin da ya ƙirƙira shi ne na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta farko mara waya, wadda aka sani da Flash-Matic. Wasu na'urorin sarrafawa na baya an haɗa su da TV ɗin.
Flash-Matic na Polly ya maye gurbin fasahar talabijin ta sarrafa nesa guda ɗaya tilo da aka sani a lokacin—ga yara 'yan shekara 8.
Flash-Matic yayi kama da bindigar haske daga wani littafin almara na kimiyya. Yana amfani da katako don sarrafa bututun.
Wannan nau'in aikin ɗan adam da ya yi yawa, wanda galibi ba shi da tabbas, ya wanzu tun farkon fara talabijin, yana tafiya da sauri ba tare da son rai ba, yana canza tashoshi bisa ga buƙatun manya da 'yan'uwa maza da mata.
"Lokacin da yara ke canza hanyoyin sadarwa, yawanci sai sun daidaita kunnuwansu na zomo," in ji John Taylor, babban mataimakin shugaban ƙasa kuma masanin tarihi a Zenith.
Kamar miliyoyin Amurkawa 'yan sama da shekara 50, Taylor ta yi amfani da ƙuruciyarta wajen tura maɓallan kyauta a talabijin na iyali.
Zenith Flash-Matic ita ce na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta farko mara waya, wacce aka fitar a shekarar 1955 kuma aka ƙera ta don ta yi kama da bindiga mai ...
Zenith ta sanar a cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1955 cewa Flash-Matic ta bayar da "sabon nau'in talabijin mai ban mamaki."
Zenith ta ce sabon samfurin "yana amfani da walƙiyar haske daga ƙaramin na'ura mai siffar bindiga don kunna ko kashe na'urori, canza tashoshi, ko kashe sauti masu tsayi na kasuwanci."
Sanarwar Zenith ta ci gaba da cewa: "Hasken sihiri (wanda ba shi da lahani ga mutane) ne ke yin duk aikin. Ba a buƙatar wayoyi masu rataye ko wayoyi masu haɗawa."
"Ga mutane da yawa, shine abin da aka fi amfani da shi a rayuwar yau da kullun," in ji mai ƙirƙira mai dogon lokaci ga Sports Illustrated a shekarar 1999.
A yau ana iya ganin sabbin abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira a ko'ina. Yawancin mutane suna da na'urorin nesa na TV da yawa a gida, har ma a ofishinsu ko wurin aiki, kuma wataƙila ɗaya a cikin SUV ɗinsu.
Amma wa ke da tasiri mafi girma a rayuwarmu kowace rana? Eugene Polley ya yi fafutukar neman gadonsa lokacin da yabo da ya samu na ƙirƙirar na'urar nesa ta talabijin ta fara zuwa ga wani injiniya mai hamayya.
Dukansu 'yan asalin ƙasar Poland ne. Gene Polley Jr., ɗan wanda ya ƙirƙira wannan samfurin, ya shaida wa Fox Digital News cewa Veronica ta fito daga iyali mai arziki amma ta auri "baƙar tunkiya."
Mai ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa nesa ta talabijin Eugene Polley tare da matarsa Blanche (Willie) (hagu) da mahaifiyarsa Veronica. (Dangane da Gene Pauley Jr.)
"Ya tsaya takarar gwamnan Illinois." Har ma ya yi alfahari da alaƙarsa da Fadar White House. "Mahaifina ya haɗu da shugaban ƙasa tun yana ƙarami," in ji Jin Jr.
"Mahaifina yana sanya kayan hannu na baya. Babu wanda yake son taimaka masa ya sami ilimi." - Gene Pauley Jr.
Duk da burin mahaifinsa da kuma alaƙarsa, kuɗin iyalin Paulie ba su da yawa.
"Mahaifina yana sanya kayan hannu na baya," in ji ƙaramar Polly. "Babu wanda ya so ya taimaka masa ya sami ilimi."
Haɗu da Ba’amurken da ya kafa mashayar wasanni ta farko a Amurka a St. Louis. Louis: Tsohon soja na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu Jimmy Palermo
An kafa Zenith a Chicago a shekarar 1921 ta hannun ƙungiyar abokan hulɗa waɗanda suka haɗa da tsohon soja na rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka Eugene F. MacDonald a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, kuma yanzu ɓangare ne na LG Electronics.
Aikin Polly mai wahala, ƙwarewar tsari, da kuma ƙwarewar injiniya ta halitta sun jawo hankalin babban jami'in gudanarwa.
Lokacin da Amurka ta shiga Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a shekarun 1940, Polley yana cikin ƙungiyar injiniya ta Zenit da ke haɓaka shirye-shiryen makamai ga Uncle Sam.
Polley ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar na'urorin radar, gilashin hangen nesa na dare, da kuma fiyutocin kusanci, waɗanda ke amfani da raƙuman rediyo don kunna harsasai a nesa da inda aka riga aka tsara.
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Polley ya taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar na'urorin radar, kayan aikin gani da dare, da kuma fiyutocin kusanci—na'urori da ke amfani da raƙuman rediyo don kunna harsasai.
Al'adar masu sayayya ta Amurka bayan yaƙin basasa ta bunƙasa, kuma Zenith ta sami kanta a sahun gaba a kasuwar talabijin da ke bunƙasa cikin sauri.
Duk da haka, Kwamanda McDonald yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fusata da la'anar talabijin mai watsa shirye-shirye: hutun kasuwanci. Ya ba da umarnin a yi na'urar sarrafawa ta nesa don a iya kashe sautin tsakanin shirye-shiryen. Tabbas, kwamandan ya kuma ga yuwuwar samun riba.
Polly ya ƙera tsarin da talabijin mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin hoto guda huɗu, ɗaya a kowane kusurwar na'urar. Masu amfani za su iya canza hoto da sauti ta hanyar nuna Flash-Matic zuwa ƙwayoyin hoto da aka gina a cikin TV ɗin.
Eugene Polley ya ƙirƙiro talabijin mai sarrafa na'urar nesa a shekarar 1955 ga Zenith. A wannan shekarar, ya nemi izinin mallaka a madadin kamfanin kuma aka ba shi a shekarar 1959. Ya haɗa da tsarin wayar hoto don karɓar sigina a cikin na'urar. (Ofishin Patent da Alamar Ciniki na Amurka)
"Bayan mako guda, kwamandan ya ce yana son ya saka shi a cikin samarwa. Yana sayarwa kamar kek mai zafi - ba za su iya biyan buƙata ba."
"Kwamandan MacDonald ya ji daɗin ra'ayin da Polly ya nuna game da Flash-Matic," in ji Zenith a cikin tarihin kamfani. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ya "horar da injiniyoyi don bincika wasu fasahohi don tsararraki masu zuwa."
Ku haɗu da Ba’amurken da ya ƙirƙiro wasannin bidiyo, Ralph Bell, Ba’amurke wanda ya tsere wa Nazi kuma ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Amurka a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.
Na'urar sarrafa nesa ta Polly tana da iyakokinta. Musamman ma, amfani da haske yana nufin cewa hasken da ke kewaye (kamar hasken rana da ke shigowa ta cikin gida) zai iya lalata talabijin.
Shekara guda bayan da Flash-Matic ya shigo kasuwa, Zenith ta fitar da wani sabon samfuri, Space Command, wanda injiniya kuma ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira Dr. Robert Adler ya ƙirƙiro. Wannan ya bambanta da fasahar amfani da na'urar duban dan tayi maimakon haske don sarrafa bututun.
A shekarar 1956, Zenith ta gabatar da sabuwar na'urar sarrafa nesa ta talabijin mai suna Space Command. Dr. Robert Adler ne ya ƙirƙiro ta. Ita ce na'urar sarrafa nesa ta farko da aka fi sani da "clicker", wadda ta maye gurbin fasahar sarrafa nesa da injiniyan Zenith Eugene Polley ya ƙirƙira. (Zhenit Electronics)
Space Command an gina ta ne a kusa da sandunan aluminum masu sauƙi waɗanda, idan aka buga su a gefe ɗaya, suna samar da wani sauti na musamman mai yawan mita… Ana yanke su da kyau zuwa tsayi, wanda ke haifar da mitoci huɗu daban-daban kaɗan.
Ita ce "danna" ta farko ta sarrafa nesa - ƙaramin guduma da ke yin ƙarar dannawa lokacin da aka buge ta a ƙarshen sandar aluminum.
Ba da daɗewa ba Dr. Robert Adler ya maye gurbin Eugene Polley a idanun masana'antar a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa talabijin ta nesa.
Ƙungiyar Masu Ƙirƙira ta Ƙasa ta yaba wa Adler a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar sarrafa nesa ta talabijin ta farko mai "aiki". Polly ba ta cikin ƙungiyar masu ƙirƙira ba.
"Adler ya yi suna wajen fifita haɗin gwiwar sauran injiniyoyin Zenith," in ji Polley Jr., yana mai ƙara da cewa: "Wannan ya ɓata wa mahaifina rai matuƙa."
Polly injiniya ce da ta koyar da kanta a fannin injiniya, ba tare da digirin jami'a ba, wadda ta yi aiki tukuru tun daga tushe a fannin adana kaya.
"Ba zan so in kira shi mutumin da ba shi da kyau ba," in ji masanin tarihi na Zenit Taylor. "Amma shi injiniyan injiniya ne mai tsauri, ɗan Chicago."
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-03-2024